Data show that in 2015, the total number of scrapped batteries was 20,000-40,000 tons, and the corresponding battery recycling rate was only 2%. With the current recycling capacity, it is impossible to bear the expected 120,000-150,000 tons of scrapped batteries by 2020. The new energy vehicle power battery is about to usher in the end of the waste, but the current low recovery rate makes the pressure of waste battery processing increased. Although the country has heavily launched the relevant policies and support for power battery recycling technology and equipment in order to overstretch, but it can not In one go.
Preparation for new energy car battery "rejection tide"
With the expansion of the new energy automotive industry, China has become the world's largest power battery producer. As a result, the issue of downstream flow direction and recycling of waste power batteries has also attracted widespread attention.
China is exploring a new energy battery recycling management system. Recently, Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, stated that the system for the extension of producer responsibility will be established for the recycling of power batteries for new energy vehicles. Automobile manufacturers need to be responsible for the recycling of batteries when they sell new energy vehicles.
According to the plan, the cumulative production and sales of new energy vehicles in China will reach 5 million by 2020. Since the average duration of power battery scrapping is 5-8 years, according to the prediction of professional research institutions, China's power batteries will usher in the “end-of-life†tide, and by 2020 the amount of scrapped will exceed 248 thousand tons, which is about 20 times the amount of scrapped in 2016.
If these waste batteries are not dealt with properly, they will not only cause waste of resources, but also threaten humanity and pollute the environment.
Among the substances that pose the greatest threat to the natural environment, the batteries contain mercury, lead, cadmium, etc. Mercury has a strong toxicity and has a great destructive effect on the human central nervous system. If the waste battery is mixed into the garbage and landfilled together, over time, the heavy metal that is devastated may contaminate groundwater and soil, and then enter fish and crops, destroy the living environment of human beings, and indirectly threaten human health.
How to recycle waste batteries?
The hazards of used batteries have been clarified, how to safely recycle them, and how to deal with them in an environmentally friendly manner, and the standardized recycling of waste power batteries has become a “global problem†that people in the industry are concerned about.
Recycling of the power battery is mainly divided into two cycles of ladder utilization and dismantling. Power battery performance will decay with the increase in the number of charging, when the battery capacity is reduced to 80% of the rated capacity, the power battery is not suitable for application in electric vehicles. Step-by-step utilization refers to the use of decommissioned power batteries for energy storage, distributed photovoltaic power generation, and low-speed electric vehicles to bring value to reuse. When the battery cannot be used in steps, it needs to be disassembled and recycled.
1 step utilization
When it comes to the recycling of power batteries by the new energy industry, the “Optimus Prime Plan†put forward by Beiqi New Energy must be discussed.
The specific contents of the "Optimus Prime Project" were compiled into a picture and displayed.
According to reports, the 10 billion investment in the "Optimus Prime Plan" will produce tremendous social and economic benefits. The use of batteries for decommissioning of decommissioned power sources can properly handle 50,000 tons of decommissioned power batteries in five years. In addition, the completion of the distributed optical storage and switching station Internet will also become an important strategic resource for city operations.
The “Optimus Prime Plan†that advocates the mode of battery replacement and although it can perfectly solve the problem of battery replacement for electric vehicles, there are still a series of key problems that cannot be solved in the current utilization of decommissioned power batteries, such as the construction of recycling management systems and advanced technologies. Innovation, pattern exploration, standard system construction and other aspects. Until these problems are solved, the Optimus Prime Plan still needs to go one step further in the recycling of spent batteries.
2. Dismantling and recycling
At present, some new energy vehicle manufacturers and power battery manufacturers have stepped up their efforts in the field of power battery recycling. Beiqi New Energy has already built a battery cascade utilization and battery harmless treatment and a rare precious metal refinery plant in Hebei to facilitate the repurification and reuse of end-of-life lithium batteries through physical and chemical methods.
Power battery company Ningde era explores a complete green industrial chain of lithium batteries: After the battery is retired from the vehicle, when the battery capacity is 70% to 80%, it is placed in its battery energy storage system for step utilization. Disassemble the battery and recycle the battery material.
Although some new energy car companies have already deployed the power battery recycling market, due to the lack of technology and experience, many companies choose to hand over to third-party professional recycling power batteries.
For example, BYD, Dongfeng and other new energy automakers cooperate with Greentech Co., Ltd. to solve power battery recycling. Greentech owns China's largest waste battery and scrap battery material processing production line. Based on the original battery recycling system, it focuses on the power battery recycling business.
Through dismantling, crushing, separation, purification, smelting and other processing, nickel, cobalt, and other metals in waste batteries are extracted and used for resources, thereby realizing the recycling of power battery materials from waste batteries to new batteries.
It is understood that raw materials such as cobalt, nickel, and lithium needed for power batteries are very important strategic resources. At present, 80% of cobalt and 70% of lithium and nickel resources in China rely on imports.
Starting from December 1, 2017, the "Standard for Recycling and Recycling of Power Battery for Vehicles" will be formally implemented. This is the first national standard for recycling and utilization of power batteries proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. It clearly states that recycling and dismantling enterprises should have relevant Qualification. The support for power battery recycling policy is expected to increase, and it also gives the market greater confidence.
Zheng Mianping, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, believes that used power batteries have significant resources, and effective recycling has both economic and environmental significance. He said that compared to the raw material mine production, metal recycling is much better, and there are also great advantages in energy saving and emission reduction. Therefore, the recovery of power batteries is related to the construction of low-carbon economy and environmental friendly issues, and the country strongly promotes the recovery of power batteries. Use is imperative.
summary
The number of new energy vehicles in China has reached 1.7 million. According to predictions from industry research institutions, China's new energy vehicle power battery will usher in the “end-of-life†tide. By 2020, the power lithium battery scrap will reach 32.2 Gwh, about 500,000 tons, and by 2023, the scrap amount will reach 101 Gwh. 116 million tons. The recycling of decommissioned power batteries is imminent.
The state has taken actions in the areas of legislative and engineering exploration in terms of recycling and utilization of power batteries, giving the market a certain amount of assurance. The “Optimus Prime Plan†launched by the domestic new energy auto industry is not perfect in terms of use of ladders, but it has taken the key “a small step†of power battery recycling. Instead of being used in a step-by-step manner, it is also an important measure for the future recycling of battery batteries by integrating various resources such as vehicle maintenance companies, battery manufacturing companies, and scrapped automobile dismantling companies, establishing a sound recycling channel, and disposing of waste battery dismantling technology. To play an important role in realizing China’s environmentally friendly and sustainable development.
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