Based on the principle of reactive power compensation technology, reactive power compensation is selected and used in the power supply and distribution system. It is stated that after using the reactive power compensation device in the production equipment of the concentrator, the power factor is improved, the electric energy is saved, and the power supply is stable and reliable.
introduction:
Most industrial enterprises use electrical equipment as an inductive load, which will absorb a large amount of reactive power during operation, reduce system voltage and power factor, increase line loss and reduce power supply capacity.
Some large equipment in a certain company's concentrator is controlled by frequency conversion, and a high-power inverter is used. The frequency converter is a non-linear load, which generates a large amount of harmonic current, which makes the power grid and power distribution system unstable. To solve the hidden dangers of power supply and distribution, the reactive power compensation technology is applied in the power supply and distribution system to improve the quality of power supply and distribution. Production is smooth.
Principle of reactive power compensation
When the waveform of the grid voltage is sinusoidal and the voltage and current are in phase, the power P obtained from the grid by the resistive electrical equipment such as incandescent lamp, electric heater, etc. is equal to the product of voltage U and current I, ie: P=U× I. Inductive electrical equipment such as motors and transformers are called reactive power Q because they need to establish a magnetic field during operation, and the energy consumed at this time cannot be converted into active power. At this point the current lags the voltage by an angle φ. When selecting a power distribution equipment, it is based on the apparent power S, that is, the vector sum of active power and reactive power: S = (P2 + Q2) 1/2. Reactive power is: Q=(S2 - P2)1/2
The ratio of active power to apparent power is the power factor: cosφ=P/S
The transmission of reactive power increases the grid load, causing the grid loss to increase and the system voltage to drop. Therefore, it is necessary to make nearby and local compensation. Parallel capacitors compensate or balance the inductive reactive power of electrical equipment. When the capacitive reactive power QC is equal to the inductive reactive power QL, the grid only transmits the active power P.
Reactive power compensation form
Reactive power compensation is divided into three types: centralized compensation, distributed compensation and local compensation. The capacity of the capacitor bank used in the centralized compensation mode is smaller than the group compensation or local compensation, and the utilization rate is higher. However, the feeders of the transformers and power distribution stations are not compensated, and only the reactive load of the power grid is reduced. The utilization rate of the capacitor bank in the decentralized compensation mode is higher than that of the local compensation, so the total demand is smaller than the local compensation, which is an economical and reasonable compensation method.
Determination of compensation capacity
The reactive power loss consumed by transmission, transformer, distribution equipment and power users in the power grid is about half of each. In order to reduce consumption, it is necessary to reduce the flow of reactive power in the power grid. It is best to increase the reactive power compensation from the user and increase the power factor of the user load, which can reduce the reactive power output of the generator and the reactive power consumption in the transmission, transformation and distribution equipment, thereby reducing the loss. Calculate the compensated reactive power capacity Q according to the formula Qc= P, where P is the maximum load daily average active power respectively measured value of the power factor before and after the installation of the compensation device.
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