The IPTV service is a broadband value-added service based on a telecom broadband network, with a TV set and a set-top box as the main terminal equipment, and providing multimedia services for users. IPTV is an effective way for telecom operators to expand broadband applications and increase the ARPU value of users. It has developed rapidly in recent years. By the end of 2007, the number of IPTV users in China has reached 1.142 million.
Since IPTV is an Internet-based service, its terminals are diverse in form and highly intelligent. Not only are SOC-based set-top boxes, smart chip-based smart terminals, but also PC-based set-top boxes based on X86 architecture. . At the same time, the IPTV service is an intelligent and highly interactive service with various types and complex logic. Due to its adoption of Internet technology, it has high requirements for privacy and security. The complexity of IPTV terminals and services makes effective management of IPTV terminals a necessary condition for ensuring the quality of IPTV services, but it also imposes high requirements on terminal management. Therefore, IPTV terminal management is an important research in the industry from the beginning. Question.
2. Structure and research content of IPTV terminal management
2.1 Structure of IPTV terminal management
The main function of the IPTV terminal management is to complete unified management of the IPTV terminal, and implement functions such as network configuration, status and performance monitoring, system and service configuration, software version and upgrade management, and fault diagnosis of the terminal. The IPTV terminal, network interface, and management server are the three essential elements that constitute the management of the IPTV terminal, as shown in Figure 1.
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Figure 1 IPTV terminal management structure
The basic implementation of the IPTV terminal management is that the management server invokes the corresponding functions on the terminal through the network interface protocol to implement the specific functions of the terminal management.
2.2 Research Contents of IPTV Terminal Management <br> In the continuous development and practice of IPTV terminal management, its key technologies mainly involve the following aspects.
(1) Northbound interface
The interface exists between the IPTV terminal management system and other functional entities on the IPTV platform side. Since the IPTV terminal is a part of the IPTV network, the IPTV terminal management has the dual characteristics of network management and service management. The northbound interface includes two interfaces of the IPTV terminal management system, the network management system, and the service management system. The network management is responsible for network configuration information transmission, fault diagnosis, and failure alarm. The service management is responsible for statistical information transmission, service management, and configuration.
(2) Southbound interface
This interface exists between the IPTV terminal and the management system, and is also the most important, most frequently used, and most fully demonstrated technology in terminal management. The interface directly carries various function calls such as status monitoring, parameter setting, abnormal alarm, log upload, software upgrade, and fault diagnosis of the terminal management. In the practical application of IPTV, the protocol of this interface has two forms: SNMP[1] and TR069[2].
(3) Home Gateway
At present, the application of the home gateway has become extremely popular, and the collaborative work between the IPTV service and the home gateway is also a hot topic in the industry. From the perspective of terminal management, the most critical technical issue is NAT (network address translator) traversal and bundled access authentication. In the NAT environment, the IPTV terminal generally traverses the home gateway through a mechanism such as a timing heartbeat [3], and solves the problem of access authentication in the routing mode by means of DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) extension and management protocol authentication [3, 4]. .
(4) Configuration and upgrade
The segmentation of the software system service function module in the IPTV terminal is closely related to the software upgrade, system and service configuration of the terminal management. Under the requirements of the complete IPTV terminal management function, the IPTV terminal needs to have software modules designed according to different functions and different services of the system, and can download and configure the service functions according to the management requirements.
3. IPTV terminal management standardization
IPTV terminal management technology is a very hot topic in the IPTV industry. At present, several international standardization organizations have researched and standardized IPTV terminal management.
(1) DSL Forum
The DSL Forum (DSL Forum) was established in the second half of 1994. The original purpose was to develop system architecture, protocols and interfaces based on DSL technology. With the development of DSL technology and services, DSL Forum also defined the core technology of DSL. Move to define and promote DSL-based services and applications. Therefore, the DSL Forum's research on terminal management is very specific. It starts with broadband access technology, and has developed a variety of terminal management standards based on broadband access, and focuses on terminal management and service management at the application layer, including IPTV. Terminal management.
The terminal management model of the DSL Forum is shown in Figure 2. It determines the overall model of BOSS, ACS, DSLAM, home gateway, and terminal equipment, and is widely cited in the industry.
Figure 2 DSL Forum terminal management structure
The DSL Forum has developed standards such as TR069 to regulate terminal management technologies. TR069 specifies the management protocol between the ACS and the terminal. Based on TCP/IP, multiple RPC methods are specified for management applications. TR111[3] specifies the method for remote management using TR069, and the device and gateway are given. The method of DHCP association and management through the NAT gateway is adopted; TR106 [5] specifies the TR069 typical data model of the terminal equipment; the WT 135 under development specifies the TR069 typical data model of the STB, and determines that the STB includes at least SP information and audience status. The VoD three-part application information and detailed description of the data parameters related to the video/audio service capabilities.
(2) HGI
HGI (home gateway initiative) was established in 2004 and is led by a number of operators, mainly to expand the home broadband communication business and market by studying the home gateway. HGI's research on terminal management inherits the reference model of DSL Forum, joins the service provider, and forms the overall management architecture of service provider, BOSS, ACS, home gateway and terminal (as shown in Figure 3), and focuses on RMS. / Interface between ACS and HG, interface between HG and ED [6].
Figure 3 HGI terminal management structure
The technical implementation of HGI is characterized by the full adoption of the DSL Forum technology system in terms of architecture and remote management protocols. At the same time, additional provisions are made for the functions of the home gateway, the usage scenarios of local management are added, and the interface is defined to be adopted locally. The HTTP+HTML method uses the method specified by the DSL Forum remotely (as shown in Figure 4).
Figure 4 HGI terminal management function distribution
(3) ATIS IIF
ATIS established the IPTV Cooperation Forum (IIF) in October 2005 to discuss the new IPTV technology. ATIS IIF has made detailed regulations on the requirements, architecture and terminals of IPTV. In terms of terminal management, the ATIS IIF also defines the terminal management application layer requirements and management architecture [7] (as shown in Figure 5). It proposes to manage the IPTV client device based on the TR069 protocol, and also requires the service layer and the home gateway. Translate the terminal management protocol to be compatible with devices of other protocols.
Figure 5 ATIS terminal management structure
(4) CEA
CEA (Consumer Electronics Association) is one of the most powerful terminal definition organizations in the Internet community, but CEA is not enthusiastic about terminal management. It specifies a brief description of terminal management, requiring at least HG errors, network errors, fault diagnosis, etc. Functionality, not intended for further research.
(5) ITU-T
ITU-T's FG IPTV (IPTV Focus Group) has now completed the definition of IPTV terminal management functionality requirements and has entered the IPTV GSI (IPTV Global Standards Initiative) phase. FG IPTV basically adopts the architecture of HGI terminal management and home network, which will not be described here.
(6) CCSA
CCSA (China Communications Standards Association) mainly based on the development of China's IPTV service, the research on IPTV terminal management is mainly based on the overall architecture of the IPTV industry standard defined by the CCSA IPTV Task Force, and the application layer of the terminal management platform function and related interfaces is standardized. Requirement, the terminal side related functions are not specified, and the specific processes of system and service configuration, software upgrade, monitoring, fault diagnosis, etc. in IPTV terminal management are given, and the approval process has been entered.
Although many organizations have studied IPTV terminal management technology, IPTV terminal management is a relatively slow development part of the overall technical architecture of IPTV. In practice, there are still many problems that need to be further demonstrated and solved.
4.1 Management Agreement Issues
What kind of protocol is used for IPTV terminal management? At present, there are two main viewpoints in the industry. One is to use the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) which is very successful in the network management field, and the other is TR069 defined by the DSL Forum.
SNMP originates from Internet device management and is carried by the UDP protocol. The advantages are: simple and flexible, easy to develop and use, and because of its long development cycle, it can run on various low-intelligence, non-traditional devices, but its disadvantages are too rigid, inefficient, and unable to effectively support changing devices. There are obstacles in the large-scale networking with services, such as unreliable transmission, unresponsive control, and low security.
TR069 is a protocol customized for terminal management and is carried by the TCP protocol. Its advantages are: device-oriented, business-oriented support, complete device and business data model; complete discovery, notification method and cooperation with home gateway, high intelligence, transmission efficiency and scalability High, but due to the complexity of its protocol, it also has certain shortcomings, such as difficulty in implementation, high intelligence requirements, increased requirements for terminals, and cannot be applied in all terminals. At the same time, the TR069 data model does not provide key information such as the service quality that the IPTV service operator is most concerned about, so it must be expanded as needed in the specific implementation.
4.2 IPTV terminal function problem
From the current trend of terminal development, it has become an inevitable realization of more and more complex business functions. Therefore, the requirements for terminal intelligence and service capabilities are constantly improving. However, the management function of IPTV terminals requires high priority. Level, high availability, high availability, requiring complex management content, such as business, applications, networks, failures, terminal management requirements and business complexity form a contradiction.
Due to the requirements of system and service configuration and terminal software upgrade, a reasonable division of the software system and service software of the IPTV terminal must be carried out, which puts forward new requirements for terminal software development and IPTV service development. At the same time, the IPTV terminal system and functions There is still a lack of effective norms and standards.
4.3 Security Issues <br> Due to the special features of IPTV terminal management, such as high priority, configuration and diagnostics, terminal management must have high security. Due to the huge size of the terminal management system, the terminal management network must be layered. To ensure system performance and support large-scale upgrades, the interaction process must be simplified, the protocol complexity must be reduced, and the system burden should be reduced. At the same time, IPTV uses Internet technology-based IP networks. The terminal has high intelligence and complexity. Security protection, such as the use of security protocols, encryption algorithms and other business security measures, will inevitably lead to further improvement of the complexity of the management protocol, how to find a balance between reducing the burden and security. It has always been a difficult problem in IPTV terminal management.
4.4 Middleware Issues Middleware technology for IPTV terminal management is a controversial topic. Middleware technology is widely used in IPTV, especially on the terminal side. IPTV middleware also has some terminal management functions, but for complete terminal functions and processes, middleware still has big problems, relying on middleware research. And the progress of the norm.
5. Conclusion IPTV terminal management is an indispensable part of the IPTV service system, and research on IPTV terminal management technology is also deepening. With the rapid development of IPTV services and the continuous expansion of user scale. New requirements are also put forward for IPTV terminal management technology. The subsequent research on IPTV terminal management technology will be oriented to actual deployment and implementation, including security, large-scale networking, and service configuration.
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