The flat panel display industry has become a large-scale industry, and the current industry main body is the liquid crystal display industry. It should be acknowledged that China has basically no autonomy in related core technologies, and the development of flat panel display industry is in a rather passive situation. China is a big country in the flat panel display industry. We should seriously summarize these experiences and lessons and explore opportunities and ideas for further development. In terms of how the Chinese flat panel display industry should develop in the future, Mr. Gan Zikai, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in an interview that from the development of the flat panel display industry in China, OLED is at the same starting line with the international level; from the perspective of strategic development, we are now Only by developing OLEDs is it possible to fight for initiative in the future.
AM-OLED development will focus on two key points
There is still a big gap between China's OLED technology and the international advanced level.
Increasing the display area is a comprehensive problem
One of the mainstream directions for the development of the next-generation flat panel display industry is the organic light emitting diode (OLED) flat panel display technology. At present, the main matching driving technology is low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) thin film transistor active (or active, abbreviated as AM) driving technology. In other words, AM-OLED technology based on LTPS-TFT will become the mainstream technology for next-generation flat panel display. Academician Gan Zikai said that this technology was developed in the 1990s. The United States, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan have invested considerable power and started some small-area product development. At present, there are small-area AM-OLED display products on the market, which obviously exhibits superior performance than liquid crystal display products, but it is still technically breakthrough to gain market advantage.
In the 1990s, China paid more attention to the research of OLED and developed a certain scale of application development. However, from the perspective of developing OLED flat panel display technology, there is still a considerable gap between China and the international advanced level. Academician Gan Zikai believes that China's OLED itself is more research on chemical physics of materials. The first passive PM-OLED production line in China is also a chemical research unit from materials. The research of TFT (Thin Film Transistor) has had some good work in the 1980s in the 1980s. It has become very weak since the 1990s, and the research on LTPS-TFT has basically not been carried out. The main body of the relevant production process equipment is imported. Therefore, if we do not comprehensively plan to introduce foreign technology in a timely manner, seize the digestive absorption, and accelerate the pace of innovation, there is a possibility that China will repeat the same mistakes in the important field of flat panel display.
From the development process of LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, the increase of the display area is also the promotion of the generation, which is a key issue, because it is directly related to the scope and cost of use. Academician Gan Zikai believes that this will be the case in AM-OLED display technology in the next few years. The development of AM-OLED will focus on two issues: increasing the area of ​​the screen and giving full play to the advantages of LCD display technology. In order to increase the size, it is necessary to develop a coating technology for a large area of ​​organic materials, to ensure a large area uniformity of material composition, structure, interface state and corresponding optical electrical properties, and to maintain compatibility with other processes, which It is a comprehensive problem. At present, organic thermal evaporation technology, organic vapor deposition technology, inkjet printing technology, laser thermal transfer technology, etc. have been adopted, but there are still many problems, and it cannot be simply used. These problems are not purely process science issues, but are closely related to the choice of organic materials, doping, heat treatment, irradiation, electrical contact, device structure, especially with thin film transistor solutions and processes.
Basic theory should be combined with industrialization
Large area LTPS-TFT is a key challenge for AM-OLED display technology
Basic theoretical research should be combined with production
Thin film transistors (TFTs) are a class of semiconductor devices that were researched shortly after the invention of the transistor (the 1950s). The true industrialization was developed in the 1980s to meet the needs of LCD technology. Academician Gan Zikai believes that amorphous silicon thin film transistor (a-SiTFT) technology is commonly used in LCD technology. With the development of LCD technology, in order to improve the light efficiency of the backlight, reduce power consumption, improve image resolution and brightness, etc., low temperature polysilicon thin film transistor (LTPS-TFT) technology has been developed. In recent years, LTPS-TFT has developed rapidly.
Academician Gan Zikai believes that large-area LTPS-TFT is the most critical challenge for the next step in developing AM-OLED display technology. This challenge is comprehensive and directly linked to some cutting-edge subject issues. To this end, Academician Gan suggested that the relevant state departments should set up a special fund as soon as possible to support domestic universities and research institutions, study large-area LTPS-TFT technology, and obtain basic results, then quickly transfer to the national engineering laboratory for pilot test, obtained in the pilot test. Rapidly carry out mass production after success.
Currently, in addition to the LTPS-TFT technology, TFT technology using oxide materials is also under development. Academician Gan Zikai said that physically, TFT technology for oxide materials has potential. However, in the near future, LTPS-TFT technology is the most likely to be practical, so China should focus on this.
Academician Gan Zikai emphasized that in this round of LTPS-TFT technology research and development, we must resolutely abandon the paper-oriented research methods. Professor Wu Bozhen from Xiamen University believes that after the reform and opening up, the research on semiconductor basic theory has received attention and support in some research institutes and universities. It has achieved good results, but it has the disadvantages of high and low production, and production is not tight. On the one hand, driven by the market economy, the production lines were introduced one after another, so that our original semiconductors were almost all dismantled or transformed or bought out by foreign investors. In our country, foreign companies use our manpower to make profits in the international market, while our companies are not competitive.
Take the road of introducing absorption, digestion and innovation
Learning the historical experience of Japan, South Korea and Taiwan in China is very important in developing the flat panel display industry in mainland China. Academician Gan Zikai believes that basic research and original research on LCD technology, TFT technology, OLED technology, LTPS technology, etc. are not the first to appear in Japan, South Korea and other places. However, after learning and introducing these technologies from the West, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan have become faster and more self-mastered technologies and have achieved better development. It should be said that they currently represent the highest level in the world. This is the history that happened to us in the past 20 to 30 years. It cannot be explained simply by the backwardness of China's science and technology and the lack of funds. Reviewing these historical experiences should give us a lot of inspiration and understanding on how to understand scientific research, how to understand technological innovation, how to treat imported technology, and how to understand the relationship between basic science and applied technology.
At present, AM-OLED display technology is developing rapidly. In the near future, it is very possible to occupy the market on a large scale, even as the mainstream of flat panel display technology in the post-LCD era. Many domestic departments and enterprises have noticed this trend and are actively introducing technologies from Japan and South Korea, but will not repeat the same mistakes in the development of LCD technology in the past, which deserves our deep thought. Therefore, Academician Gan suggested:
First, we should actively introduce foreign AM-OLED display technologies, including LTPS technology. At present, a small area of ​​products has been introduced abroad, and the introduction of related technologies can shorten the process of our own exploration. However, it should be noted that the technical solutions that may be introduced at present are not the final scaled technical solutions. There are already examples of products that have been discontinued due to cost, yield, and use effects in the market. Therefore, the introduction should be cautious, and the focus should be on learning. Do not put forward high expectations on economic benefits.
Second, while introducing foreign technology, we must organize domestic forces to carry out serious research work. From the current situation of the development of this field, there is still a certain amount of development space in technology, and there are still many technical problems to be broken. If China can seize the opportunity, combine production, study and research, and focus on the needs of enterprises, and closely focus on large-area AM-OLED display technology, comprehensively organize domestic research on relevant forces, there are still certain opportunities.
Third, pay full attention to the competition in patents. Patent competition in emerging high-tech industries is severe. In terms of AM-OLED and LTPS technology, international patent competition is particularly severe. For small-molecule OLED materials, the patent coverage is particularly serious, as is the case with amorphous crystallization technology. Since we have realized that this field will form a large-scale industry relatively quickly, and China is a big country in this field, we must organize this work in a planned manner and plan ahead.
Fourth, attach importance to the development of related process equipment and test equipment. In the process equipment and test equipment, China's relatively backward situation is a major cause of many difficulties. It is necessary to combine the progress of research and development work and resolve to gradually reverse this situation.
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