As an important regulatory policy in the telecommunications industry, the number portability policy plays an important role in the effective use of number resources, promotion of competition in the telecommunications market, improvement of service levels, and protection of users' independent choices. According to the difference between fixed and mobile, number portability services are divided into fixed number portability and mobile number portability. Currently, mobile number portability is the focus of implementation in various countries. As of now, more than 60 countries and regions around the world have implemented number portability. Among them, Singapore is the earliest country to implement number portability, which was introduced as early as 1997; the US Federal Communications Commission requires operators to formally implement it on February 4, 2003; the European Union also requires member states to have before July 25, 2003 Implementation; South Korea and Japan introduced number portability in January 2004 and October 2006, respectively. From the perspective of foreign experience, the implementation effects vary depending on the number portability policy plan of each country and the stage of market development.
EU
Features: Insufficient supervision and publicity
Effect: Cumbersome procedures and low usage rate
In April 2002, the European Union issued a new official directive aimed at guiding universal services and user rights (2002/22 / EC). The directive requires member states to provide mobile number portability obligations and limits the implementation period to 2003 July 24th. So far, 17 EU member states have implemented mobile number portability. Although EU countries have generally implemented number portability and the time is earlier, from the perspective of the implementation effect, the effect is not significant. According to EU statistics, after three years of implementation in Denmark, the cumulative utilization rate is 11%; after five years of implementation in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Sweden, the cumulative utilization rate is about 5%, and the average cumulative utilization rate in the EU is only 2%. The user has not used this service.
The fundamental reason for the low usage rate of the EU number portability service is the lack of government supervision and publicity. Some countries, such as the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and the Netherlands, require users to apply to both the moving-in and moving-in operators, and the processing time is more than one week. Users also need to pay high network transfer fees, such as the Portuguese operator charges up to 40 EUR. In addition, due to insufficient publicity, many users do not even know of this business. The utilization rate of Finland and Denmark is relatively high, mainly because the regulatory authorities of the two countries have taken the initiative when launching this business, implemented strong control measures, and strictly controlled the processing time, so the number portability business is much higher than Other EU countries.
China Hong Kong
Features: Strong supervision and full development
Effect: Accelerate telecom tariff reduction
The Hong Kong Telecommunications Authority announced on August 28, 1998 that the mobile phone number portability policy will be implemented from March 1, 1999. After the implementation of this policy, the competition of Hong Kong operators has intensified. In order to retain original users and attract new users, various operators have continuously lowered their tariffs. Although the six operators decided to adjust tariffs at the same time at the end of 1999, due to consumer opposition and warnings from the Telecommunications Authority of Hong Kong, they ultimately failed to implement them. Each operator had to seek to develop new businesses to ensure revenue growth.
Hong Kong's mobile number portability effect is relatively significant. On the one hand, it has intensified market competition, which has reduced tariffs and benefited users; on the other hand, the number portability business has been fully developed and the user utilization rate is high. According to statistics from the Hong Kong Telecommunications Authority, at the beginning of its introduction in 1999, the annual transfer rate of mobile number portability reached 18.4%, increased to 28.5% in 2000, and reached a maximum value of 32.3% in 2001. After that, number portability gradually reached a dynamic balance The transfer rate is relatively stable, basically staying at around 14%. In 2010, the transfer rate dropped slightly, about 10.0%. Overall, Hong Kong is the region with the highest number portability services for users worldwide. The successful introduction of Hong Kong number portability is due to the fact that the Hong Kong Telecommunications Authority attaches great importance to this policy and provides strong supervision. Users only need to move to the operator's office for processing, and the number can be transferred to the network within one to two days. At the same time, the Hong Kong Telecommunications Authority also actively promotes the number portability business and promotes the widespread development of the number portability business.
Korea
Features: Asymmetric regulation
Effects: Strengthening the weak and supporting the weak, balancing the competitive landscape
When introducing the mobile number portability policy in South Korea, asymmetric control was implemented, mainly considering the level of market dominance of the three major mobile operators, and they decided to implement them one by one, hoping to use the time difference in number portability to help weak operators catch up. In January 2004, SK Telecom, South Korea ’s largest mobile operator, took the lead in implementing number portability, allowing only one-way portability of users to KTF or LG Telecom; in July 2004, the second-ranked KTF began implementation; January 2005 Only LG Telecom implemented number portability. After the introduction of this policy, SK Telecom, which first implemented number portability, was under the greatest pressure. In order to cope with the changes, SK Telecom delayed and killed time on the grounds of "network failure", introduced various price concessions, and lured and retained users; LG Telecom cooperated with KTF to force SK Telecom to take responsibility for the continuous network failure. Faced with increasingly serious violations, the Korea Communications Commission imposed severe penalties on the three operators. On February 4, 2004, the Korea Communications Commission imposed a fine of 1.5 billion won on SK Telecom ’s violation of regulations to publish advertisements to users; it also fined SK Telecom ’s reverse marketing activities that attempted to retain users and prevent them from switching to the network, with a fine of 500 million won. KTF and LG Telecom were fined 250 million and 150 million won, respectively, for refusing user withdrawal.
The implementation of Korean number portability has achieved certain results. Through the phased implementation of number portability, KTF and LG Telecom not only diverted users of SK Telecom, but also attracted some high-quality customers, increasing the company's profit level. At the end of 2004, ARPU of SK Telecom declined, and ARPU of KTF and LG Telecom increased to varying degrees. In 2006, the number of times the number portability was accumulated was 15.83 million, SK Telecom had 5.57 million, KTF was 6.2 million, and LG Telecom was 4.06 million. Among them, South Korea's leading operator SK Telecom suffered the most losses, with a net transfer-out of approximately 1.62 million users and KTF net transfer-in users of approximately 380,000, while the weaker operator LG Telecom benefited the most, with a net transfer-in user of approximately 1.24 million. From the beginning of 2004 to the end of 2006, in the three years before the number portability implementation, the market share of the three major mobile operators in South Korea, SK Telecom, KTF and LG Telecom, has changed to a certain extent. The market share of SK Telecom has dropped from 54.5% to 50.4% , Decreased by 4 percentage points, while the market share of KTF and LG Telecom increased by 1 and 3 percentage points respectively.
Number portability is an important measure for regulators to promote market competition and protect users' choice. Foreign experience shows that monopolistic enterprises or operators with a dominant position generally resist this policy, and emerging operators prefer to implement a number portability system in order to win users from a near-saturated market. It should be said that the number portability policy itself is a "double-edged sword", which can not only further expand the market share of leading operators, resulting in a more uneven market competition pattern; but also weaken the advantages of leading operators and optimize the market competition pattern. The key lies in the design of regulatory policies and the ultimate strength of each operator.
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