Comparative analysis of luminous efficiency of various light sources

Light source is a physics term. Some objects in the universe are luminous and some are not. We call the objects that can emit light and are emitting light as the light source. The sun, turned on electric lights, burning candles, etc. are all light sources.

Thermal effect

The first type is light generated by thermal effects. Sunlight is a good example. In addition, candles and other items are the same. Such light changes color with temperature.

Atomic transition

The second type of atomic transition glows. The fluorescent substance applied to the inner wall of the fluorescent lamp tube is excited by electromagnetic wave energy to generate light. In addition, the principle of neon lights is the same. Atomic luminescence has its own characteristic spectral line. Scientists often use this principle to identify element types.

Radiant

The third type is the light generated by the accelerated movement of charged particles inside a substance. For example, the synchrotron (synchrotron) emits synchrotron radiation while carrying powerful energy.

In addition, the pale blue shimmer (Celenkov radiation) emitted by the atomic furnace (nuclear reactor) also belongs to this type. The so-called "Celenkov radiation" means that the velocity of charged particles in the medium may exceed the speed of light in the medium. In this case, radiation will occur, similar to "sonic boom".

Note: This is not the speed of light in the true sense. The speed of light in the real sense refers to the speed of light in a vacuum. This phenomenon is called the Cherenkov effect.

Carbon arc lamp

An electric light source that emits light when the two contacted carbon rod electrodes are separated in the air after being energized in the air. The carbon arc lamp was invented by the British H. David in 1809;

Incandescent lamp

Incandescent lamps, also known as tungsten filament lamps and light bulbs, are electric light sources that heat the filament to an incandescent state and emit visible light using thermal radiation. A light source that produces light by heating an electric filament through an filament to an incandescent state. It is the earliest electric lamp made of heat-resistant glass with a tungsten wire inside. Remove air from the bulb to prevent the filament from oxidizing or refill with inert gas (such as argon) to reduce the evaporation of the tungsten filament by heating. Since only a small part of the electric energy consumed by the filament is converted into visible light, the luminous efficiency is low, generally 10-15 watts / watt. But the manufacturing is convenient and the cost is low.

Low pressure sodium lamp

It is an electric light source that uses low-pressure sodium vapor discharge to emit light. It is coated with an infrared reflective film in its glass shell, which is an electric light source with less light attenuation and highest luminous efficiency. The low-pressure sodium lamp emits a monochromatic yellow light, which is used in places where no light color is required;

HPS

When the bulb is started, an arc is generated between the electrodes at both ends of the arc tube. Due to the high temperature of the arc, the liquid sodium mercury gas in the tube is heated to evaporate into mercury vapor and sodium vapor. The electrons emitted by the cathode impact the discharge substance during the movement to the anode. Atoms, so that they can obtain energy to produce ionization or excitation, and then return from the excited state to the ground state; or from the ionized state to the excited state, and then back to the ground state in an infinite cycle. At this time, the excess energy is released in the form of light radiation. Light was produced.

LED lights

LED (LightEmittingDiode), light-emitting diode, is a solid-state semiconductor device that can convert electrical energy into visible light, which can directly convert electricity into light.

The light source of the microscope in the optical instrument is mainly used to supplement the light when the microscope is observed. It is generally supplied by a voltage of 220V, and the power is generally about a few watts. The light source of the microscope is inlaid with lamp beads, which are generally LED lamps. The lamp generates very little heat, so it has little effect on the cooling and heating control of the product during observation. There is also a kind not composed of LED lamp beads, but composed of a lamp tube. Such a lamp tube has an external four-plug and a built-in four-plug interface. There is also a two-plug, such light source is only suitable for the light source installed on the microscope, if the light is still relatively dark. There is also a kind of external use, the lamp head can be adjusted at will, such light is more convenient.

â‘  Light quantity characteristic index. Including total luminous flux, brightness, light intensity, ultraviolet light and heat radiation.

â‘¡Light color characteristic index. Including light color, color temperature, color rendering, chroma and spectral distribution.

â‘¢ Electrical characteristics index. Including power consumption, lamp voltage, lamp current, starting characteristics and interference noise.

â‘£ Mechanical characteristics. Including geometric dimensions, lamp structure and lamp cap.

⑤ Economic characteristics. Including luminous efficiency, life, price and electricity bills.

â‘¥ Psychological characteristics. Including the appearance and comfort of the lamp.

Technical indicators of various light sources

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