The light source is a physics term. Some objects in the universe are illuminating, some are not illuminating. We call the object that we can illuminate and emit light. The sun, the open lights, the burning candles, etc. are all light sources.
Source of light sourceThermal effect
The first type is the light produced by the thermal effect. Sunlight is a good example. In addition to candles and other items, such light changes color as temperature changes.
Atomic transition
The second type of atomic transition emits light. The fluorescent material applied to the inner wall of the fluorescent tube is excited by electromagnetic energy to generate light. In addition, the principle of neon is the same. Atomic luminescence has its own characteristic line. Scientists often use this principle to identify element types.
Radiation luminescence
The third type is the light generated when the charged particles inside the material accelerate. For example, the synchrotron emits synchrotron radiation while carrying powerful energy.
In addition, the light blue gleam (Cerenkov radiation) emitted by the atomic furnace (nuclear reactor) also falls into this category. The so-called "Chelenko radiation" means that the velocity of charged particles in the medium may exceed the speed of light in the medium, in which case radiation occurs, similar to "sound explosion."
Note: This is not a true speed of light. In the true sense, the speed of light exceeds the speed of light in a vacuum. This phenomenon is known as the Cherenkov effect.
Carbon arc lamp
An electric light source that emits an electric arc that is generated by the separation of two carbon rod electrodes that are energized in air. The carbon arc lamp was invented by British H. David in 1809;
Incandescent lamp
Incandescent lamps, also known as tungsten lamps and bulbs, are electric light sources that heat the filament to an incandescent state and emit visible light using thermal radiation. A source of light that is generated by current flow through a filament to an incandescent state. It was the earliest electric lamp, made of heat-resistant glass and made of tungsten wire. The air is removed from the bulb to prevent the filament from oxidizing or refilled with an inert gas such as argon to reduce the evaporation of the tungsten filament. Since only a small part of the power consumed by the filament is converted into visible light, the luminous efficiency is low, generally 10 to 15 streams/watt. However, it is easy to manufacture and low in cost.
Low pressure sodium lamp
It is an electric light source that emits light by low-pressure sodium vapor discharge, and is coated with an infrared reflecting film in its glass casing, which is an electric light source with less light decay and highest luminous efficiency. The low-pressure sodium lamp emits a monochromatic yellow light for use in places where there is no requirement for light color;
HPS
When the bulb is started, an arc is generated between the electrodes at both ends of the arc tube. Due to the high temperature of the arc, the liquid sodium-mercury gas in the tube is evaporated into mercury vapor and sodium vapor, and the electrons emitted by the cathode collide with the discharge material during the movement toward the anode. The atom, which is energized to generate ionization or excitation, and then returns to the ground state from the excited state; or from the ionized state to the excited state, and then returns to the ground state infinite loop, at which time the excess energy is released in the form of optical radiation. Produced light.
LED light
LED (LightEmitTIngDiode), a solid-state semiconductor device that converts electrical energy into visible light, can directly convert electricity into light.
The microscope light source in the optical instrument is mainly used to supplement the light when the microscope is observed. Generally, it is supplied by a voltage of 220V, and the power is generally several watts. The microscope light source is embedded with a lamp bead, and the lamp bead is generally an LED lamp. The lamp generates very little heat, so it has little effect on the control of the product's heat and cold during observation. There is also a kind of LED lamp bead, but composed of a lamp tube, such a lamp has an external four-plug and a built-in four-plug interface. There is also a kind of two plugs, such a light source is only suitable for the light source mounted on the microscope, if the light is still relatively dark. There is also a kind of external use, which can be adjusted at will, so that the light is convenient.
1 Light quantity characteristics index. Including total luminous flux, brightness, light intensity, amount of ultraviolet light and amount of heat radiation.
2 light color characteristics indicators. Including light color, color temperature, color rendering, chromaticity and spectral distribution.
3 electrical characteristics indicators. Including power consumption, lamp voltage, lamp current, starting characteristics and interference noise.
4 mechanical characteristics. Including geometric dimensions, lamp structure and lamp holders.
5 economic characteristics. Including luminous efficiency, life, price and electricity costs.
6 psychological characteristics. Including the appearance and comfort of the lamp.
Comparative analysis of luminous efficiency of various light sources
Technical indicators of various light sources
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