Battery charging and inspection

1. Preparation of electrolyte

(1) The electrolyte must be prepared from chemically pure sulfuric acid and distilled water. The electrolyte density is generally from 1.25 to 1.29 g/cm3 (at 15 ° C). Industrial sulfuric acid and general water, due to impurities such as iron and copper, cause self-discharge and damage to the plates, and cannot be used in batteries. When the electrolyte is added to the battery, its temperature must be controlled between 21-32 °C.

(2) The relative density of the electrolyte should be determined according to the temperature of the area in use. When the room temperature is 30-40 ° C, the relative density of the electrolyte is 1.270; at 20-30 ° C, the relative density of the electrolyte is 1.280; when the temperature is below 20 ° C, the relative density of the electrolyte is 1.290.

(3) When preparing the electrolyte, the sulfuric acid should be poured into distilled water slowly, and the distilled water should not be poured into human sulfuric acid to prevent the sulfuric acid from splashing and injuring the human body and corroding the equipment.

(4) Simple detection of distilled water, as shown in Figure 1. Use a measuring cup with a capacity of 1000mL (bottom diameter is 100mm), take 500mL of distilled water, adjust the universal meter to R×1KQ, and insert the two sticks into the water wall on the inner wall. If the resistance value is greater than 100kΩ, it cannot be used.

2. Battery charging

(1) After the electrolyte is injected into the battery, the height of the electrolyte should be measured, generally 10-15 mm. The battery is then allowed to stand for 3-6 h until the electrolyte temperature is below 35 °C.

(2) Charging of the battery. As shown in FIG. 3, the battery 1 is inserted into the charger 2 for charging, and the positive electrode of the battery and the charger is connected to the positive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the negative electrode. Charging must be performed when the relative electrolyte density of the battery is below 1.20 (summer), 1.24 (winter) or when the battery is left too long. The icy battery should be thawed first, the charging current should be as small as possible, not more than 3-5A, and the charging time is about 3-4h. During the charging process, when the battery cell voltage rises by 2.4V, more bubbles appear in the electrolyte, and the charging current should be halved. After the end of charging, a discharge test is to be carried out to prevent the battery from being damaged by vulcanization only to be surface-charged, which is practically unusable. Therefore, before charging, observe that the battery should be replaced if there is sulfide condensation. The battery electrolyte is strong acid, should avoid touching the skin, eyes or clothes, and pay attention to the following:

1 When inadvertently on the skin, rinse with plenty of water;

2 When you accidentally drink, rinse your stomach with plenty of water or milk, and swallow egg white or vegetable oil;

3 Wear protective goggles when working at close range. If you accidentally get on your eyes, rinse with water and apply eye drops.

4 When charging, flammable gas will be produced. Sparks should be avoided, and the charging or working area should be well ventilated.

(3) The dry charge battery is made of dry-charged electrode plate. After injecting the electrolyte for 1 hour, the vehicle can be started. In the case of urgent need, it can also be used immediately after the electrolyte is poured. In normal use, if there is sufficient time, it can be charged for 3-4h, which is more favorable for the performance of the battery.

(4) After charging, the density of the electrolyte is checked by a densitometer and the electrolyte is adjusted to the relative density. If it is low, the electrolyte having a relative density of 1.40 can be appropriately added, and if it is added, distilled water is added. After adjustment, it should be recharged for 2 hours. If the relative density still does not meet the requirements, it can be adjusted and recharged until it meets the specified value.
When the battery is in use, if the charging voltage is too low or the charging time is insufficient, etc., the following conditions should be replenished in time.

(1) when the relative density of the electrolyte drops below 1.20;

(2) The light is dim than usual and the starter is running weak (non-starting system or mechanical failure);

(3) When the battery discharge exceeds 25% (winter) or 50% (summer).
The supplementary charging current is about 1/10 of the capacity value, and the charging time is 10-11h (the charging current is 9A when the capacity is 9OAh).
After the battery is charged, the cell voltage of the cell is 2.5-2.7V, and the voltage remains unchanged within 2-3h.

4. Battery inspection

(1) Inspection of the electrolyte surface of the battery. As shown in Fig. 4, when the battery electrolyte is below the lower limit, distilled water or electrolyte is added, but it cannot exceed the highest position.

(2) Inspection of the voltage of the battery. As shown in FIG. 5, the battery 2 is used to measure the voltage of the battery 2. When the battery current is 110A, the minimum voltage should be no lower than 9.6V; if the battery voltage is lower than the value within the measurement duration of 5-1Os. Indicates that the battery is leaking or malfunctioning.

(3) Check the relative density of the battery electrolyte. As shown in Figure 6, the relative density of the battery electrolyte is measured by relative density meter 1, the relative density should be 1.28 at 20 °C normal charging, and must be charged when the relative density is less than 1.13; if the relative density is less than 1.11 , you must replace the electrolyte or increase the relative density of the electrolyte before charging; if in one or two adjacent cells, the relative density of the electrolyte is significantly reduced (such as the relative density of five cells is 1.16, a cell In the case of 1.08), the battery is short-circuited and should be replaced.
The relative density of the battery electrolyte will vary with temperature. For example, the relative density of the battery at 1.20 ° C is 1.28; the relative density of 1.273 is acceptable at 30 ° C; 1.287 is acceptable at 10 ° C. Observe the relative density timing and the eye must be level with the level of the relative densitometer.