Ceramic materials such as silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) can withstand incredible temperatures. If it is formed into a complex geometry by 3D printing technology, its use is even more special. 3D printing of ceramic materials may be the key to developing future supersonic missiles and aircraft.
The HRL Lab in Malibu, Calif., is a research and development laboratory specializing in research sensors and materials, information and systems science, applied electromagnetism and microelectronics, jointly owned by Boeing and General Motors. As early as 2016, HRL announced that it has developed a new technology that uses 3D printed super-ceramic materials to withstand temperatures in excess of 1400 degrees Celsius. The technology is at the forefront of global technology.
Test data pushes ceramic materials technology HRL Lab's research has been continuously progressed with the support of NASA space technology research funds. NASA's funds have promoted the development of HRL in the field of 3D printed rocket engine parts made of temperature-resistant ceramics.
HRL cures rapidly-prepared ceramic precursors by ultraviolet light curing - "precursor-converting polymers". Ceramics made from these polymers shrink uniformly and have almost no porosity. Mini-grid and honeycomb materials can be formed, which are not only complex in shape but also exhibit high strength. Such density foam ceramics can be used in propulsion parts, thermal protection systems, porous burners, MEMS and electronic equipment. When used in hypersonic vehicles and jet engines, this ceramic can help designers create small parts that resist heat and high temperatures caused by exhaust gases from the takeoff process.
High-temperature ceramics are a general term for ceramic materials with a melting temperature above the melting point of silicon oxide (1728 ° C). Their high temperature resistance, high strength, high hardness, good electrical properties, thermal properties and chemical stability make high-temperature ceramics in aerospace, atomic energy, electronics. Technology, machinery, chemical, metallurgical and other aspects have a wide range of applications.
Due to the extremely high melting point of high temperature ceramics, this makes ceramic products more challenging by 3D printing. However, because ceramics cannot be cast or easily machined, this makes 3D printing a quantum geometric flexibility in the processing of ceramics. The acquisition of 3D printed ceramics, especially for high temperature ceramics, means that the accompanying application space is also opened.
HRL currently prints two types of ceramics in 3D. One type is a large, very lightweight lattice structure that can be used for heat-resistant panels and other external components in aircraft and spacecraft. One is a small but complex part of an electromechanical system or component used in jet engines and rockets.
According to a recent statement from the Air Force Research Laboratory, aerospace systems scientists are looking for new thermocouple radiation shields, and the potential of HRL-produced materials to meet the demanding Air Force applications in this area becomes apparent.
Figure: Air Force Research Laboratory tests ceramic materials
The cooperation between the Air Force Research Laboratory and HRL is beneficial to both parties. HRL serves as a supplier to the Air Force Research Laboratory to develop materials that meet the requirements. The Air Force Research Laboratory can provide test results to HRL and provide valuable feedback to both parties. . Extreme temperature testing conducted by the Air Force Research Laboratory reveals the limitations of HRL's new materials, allowing HRL laboratories to more specifically improve materials.
Data from laboratory tests yield valuable information for the development and production of ceramics produced by the next generation of additive manufacturing technology. If the cooperation between the Air Force and the HRL lab can pay off, then it is possible to develop a supersonic vehicle. Applied to a supersonic vehicle with a speed of 10 times the speed of sound, any vehicle surface will become very hot due to the friction of the air. If you want to manufacture a hypersonic vehicle, you need to make the whole casing with high temperature ceramics. At present, there is no material that can withstand the extreme heat and pressure generated during supersonic flight, and 3D printed ceramics may be the solution to this problem.
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