2017 is becoming a key year for 5G development. Although the new wireless generation is coming, the popularity of 5G related topics will continue to remain high, but this technology is not mature, and there is considerable room for development. ..
It’s been a few months since 2017, and 5G is still the focus of attention. At the International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in early January this year, Qualcomm introduced major 5G technology advancements in its keynote speech and announced its commitment to 5G technology to seek breakthroughs. In addition, AT&T and Verizon have recently issued separate statements expressing their intention to conduct 5G field testing in the United States from 2017 to early 2018.
At the beginning of March this year, in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Wireless Access Network (RAN) plenary meeting in Dubrovnik, Croatia, the global mobile communications giant discussed 5G new The basic work item for the Air Interface Specification Phase 1 (Phase 1) standard is expected to be included in the global 5G standard 3GPP Release 15 in the 6 GHz sub-band (Sub-6 GHz) and millimeter wave (mm Wave) bands.
There are indications that 2017 is becoming a key year for 5G development. Although the new wireless generation is coming, the popularity of 5G related topics will continue to remain high, but this technology is not mature, and there is considerable room for development. This article will further explore the emerging trends and trends in 5G technology development in 2017 from some of the key points at the Dubrovnik conference, including the content of the first work project proposal.
5G mobile communication standards are gradually taking shapeTwo different architectures (time-separated) are gradually coming to the forefront when defining a new network from scratch for the 5G standard. In simple terms, 3GPP must define the basic components used in conjunction with the existing Evolved Packet Core (EPC) architecture (eg 4G) to accelerate the adoption of new technologies. This hybrid system is also known as the "Non-Stand Alone (NSA) architecture. It will leverage existing infrastructure to deliver new 5G capabilities and benefits while accelerating commercialization and deployment.
The other architecture is the "Standard Alone (SA) architecture, which advocates a longer time horizon to re-use the components proposed by the hybrid system to define a new 5G core network (5GCN). Both approaches must be built from scratch, and the lower levels of the agreement (especially Layer 1 and Layer 2) will become the basic blocks of 5G new radio (5G NR) technology; 3GPP is here There has been considerable progress in the definition of aspects.
In addition, it is worth noting that the 5G NR RAN1 working group proposed an early architecture of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDM) based elastic parameter physical layer (PHY, Layer 1), which can contain up to 8 subcarriers (as shown in Figure 1). The physical layer will operate for bands below 6 GHz and between 24 and 40 GHz. In view of the large number of current spectrum proposals, RAN4 must review the candidate spectrum combinations in detail to ensure that the performance is satisfactory to all parties and then achieve the goal. At this stage, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (EMBB) is expected to be a priority use case. If you want to achieve end-to-end low latency, it is not enough to rely solely on the physical layer; after all, other elements in the system must be properly defined and evaluated. The proposed architecture will simultaneously respond to faster data and responsiveness.
5G Layer 1 contains 8 subcarriers
3GPP leads 5G technology to move forwardAfter this 5G work project is formed, other technologies and use cases will be added in the future, and these topics will be included in the research project. The 3GPP will investigate these research projects and develop a formal work project from which to include it in the standard. In future meetings, one or more research projects may be promoted to work. If successfully passed the work project phase, 3GPP can incorporate new technologies/use cases into 3GPP Release 15 or later. Several of the topics to be further studied include non-orthogonal waveforms (NOMA), non-terrestrial networks, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle networking (V2X), and integrated backhaul access (IAB).
Surprisingly, the LTE generation has not yet ended. In Dubrovnik's conference, a number of work projects were also introduced to further develop the LTE standard; in view of this, LTE technology will not only continue, but will continue to evolve. In addition to the development of narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and machine type communication LTE (LTE-MTC) to facilitate M2M communication and IoT, participants also submitted several other topics that are intended to be included in Release 15, including extending V2V. Coverage with V2X, fixed wireless access with 1024 QAM modulation, and enhanced stability. This also means that 3GPP does not intend to rely solely on 5G NR to meet the goals and objectives of each party, but will instead combine LTE and 5G NR to meet market needs.
Finally, 3GPP also agreed to accelerate the 5G delivery process, which was achieved six months ahead of schedule. The complete "non-independent" (NSA) architecture is expected to be completed in March 2018, while the SA version using the 5G core network will be available in six months. If the timetable is reversed, it means that Layer 1 and Layer 2 of 5G NR are necessary to be finalized in December 2017. This time course is very ambitious, and with the efforts, support and investment of all members, the current 3GPP has made great progress. Although there are still many difficulties to be overcome, this meeting in Dubrovnik has set a clear and significant milestone for the future of 5G.
5G prototype is shapedAlthough 5G Phase 1 (ie 3GPP Release 15) is expected to be completed in 2018, we should learn more about the daunting tasks that researchers around the world will complete in 2017 and how to define and standardize the components of the end-to-end network. .
Wireless technology researchers from academia and industry (such as telecommunications and mobile device manufacturers) have recently demonstrated the 5G concept in a variety of settings; as technology matures, these public displays are bound to begin to enter into "commodification." stage. Since this standard will not be finalized until 2018, many companies must start commercialization technology in 2017 to facilitate a large number of deployments in 2018. Therefore, whether it is the MWC at the beginning of the year, the IEEE International Communication Seminar (ICC) in May, or the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) in December, participants have the opportunity to see the pre-commercialization system.
mmWave breaks through innovationThanks to the major declarations issued by FCC, Verizon and AT&T in 2016, mmWave has quickly become the focus of attention; as the pre-released mmWave technology will be tested for the first time in 2017, this boom is expected to continue. After Verizon launched its proprietary "5G" specification infrastructure, client devices (CPE) and smart device companies are bound to do their best to produce related products to keep up with the tight schedule of telecom operators. While local deployments in the United States may focus on fixed wireless broadband access (that is, providing home broadband access), this can still be seen as the first commercial deployment of outdoor applications for mmWave technology.
In view of South Korea's intention to demonstrate its 5G technology strength at the PyeongChang Winter Olympics in 2018, it is expected that the test cases using mmWave in the actual action environment will continue to increase. One example is the over-the-air (OTA) test, which connects to the core network for researchers to assess coverage (currently the main unknown area of ​​mmWave technology). Because the beam is highly directional, the test needs to determine a single link that covers the distance and geometry. In addition, although sensitivity, gain, output power, error vector magnitude (EVM), bit error rate (BER), and block error rate (BLER) are important pointers for 5G networks, OTA tests in real networks will be available. Many questions about the feasibility and visibility of mmWave. Because of the directionality of the mmWave antenna beam, the effects of simulation and wiring testing will not be as good as in 4G (less than 6 GHz) technology.
2017 is becoming a key year in the 5G development process. Commercial companies will shift their investments in research to products developed using state-of-the-art technology; however, as mmWave is an emerging technology and has not been widely commercialized, the results will be unpredictable. Although 5G still contains many unknown areas, it is expected that these new technologies will be formed before December of this year. By then, we can see whether commercial deployment can be achieved in 2018 or postponed until 2019.
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